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Here is an example for 4 items (the items being 1, 2, 3, and 4).
Formula: (n * (n-3)) + (n * (n-2)) + (n * (n-1)) ... repeating until the x = 0 (the x in n-x) | As you can see, there are 24 ways to arrange 4 items. | (1) 1,2,3,4 ____ (07) 2,1,3,4 ____ (13) 3,1,2,4 ____ (19) 4,1,2,3 (2) 1,2,4,3 ____ (08) 2,1,4,3 ____ (14) 3,1,4,2 ____ (20) 4,1,3,2 (3) 1,3,2,4 ____ (09) 2,3,1,4 ____ (15) 3,2,1,4 ____ (21) 4,2,1,3 (4) 1,3,4,2 ____ (10) 2,3,4,1 ____ (16) 3,2,4,1 ____ (22) 4,2,3,1 (5) 1,4,2,3 ____ (11) 2,4,1,3 ____ (17) 3,4,1,2 ____ (23) 4,3,1,2 (6) 1,4,3,2 ____ (12) 2,4,3,1 ____ (18) 3,4,2,1 ____ (24) 4,3,2,1 | |
There are about 250 trillion, trillion, trillion, trillion, trillion ways to arrange the four nitrogen-containing bases
found in the DNA double helix structure. Carbon-dating of earth substances indicates that DNA has not been around long enough to evolve into humans by "natural selection". Intelligent choice was involved at some point. Possibly at the beginning? (Don't tell Charles ->) 250,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 |
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